EU-US Deal Could Grant US Access to Sensitive European Police Data
The European Union is negotiating a new agreement with the United States that could allow US authorities access to sensitive data stored in European police databases. This initiative, known as the Enhanced Border Security Partnership, is a key condition set by the US for countries wishing to remain in the Visa Waiver Program. This program enables citizens from participating countries to travel to the US for up to 90 days without needing a visa.
Most EU member states participate in the Visa Waiver Program, except Bulgaria, Cyprus, and Romania, whose citizens still require visas. The Electronic System for Travel Authorization (ESTA) allows for quick visa-free travel but grants US authorities the ability to pre-screen travelers and potentially refuse entry based on security or immigration concerns. The US has set a firm deadline of December 31, 2026, for the agreement to be finalized, putting pressure on the EU to reach a deal.
Concerns have been raised about the type of data that may be shared under this agreement. Police databases in Europe often contain biometric data like fingerprints and facial images, and may include information on individuals who have never been convicted of a crime, such as suspects or asylum-seekers. Critics worry that sharing such data could lead to consequences beyond criminal investigations, affecting decisions on entry to the US.
Privacy experts and lawmakers warn that the deal could normalize broad access to sensitive personal data and may lack true reciprocity, as the US does not have equivalent centralized police databases. The European Data Protection Supervisor has called for a thorough assessment of the fundamental rights implications, emphasizing that any data sharing must be necessary, proportionate, and respect EU data protection standards.
